CFRL News No.14 (2000..7. 10)
常温核融合研究所 小島英夫
CFRL News (Cold
Fusion Research Laboratory News) No.14をお届けします。
第14 号では、
1)
ICCF8の報告2（詳細１）、
2)
Int. J. Hydrogen Energyに出た我々の論文のAbstract、
3)
第2回CF（固体内核反応）研究会講演会の開催予定概要、
4）北海道大学名誉教授の延世三知夫氏のエッセイ、
を掲載しました。
1) ICCF8報告（2）（詳報１）
会議の直前にICCF8の組織委員の一人、ミラノ大学の熱血漢G. Preparata教授（58歳）がガンで亡くなられたとのことで、M. Fleischmannが会議の冒頭に追悼講演を行いました。先の岡本真実教授の逝去といい、若くして亡くなられる研究者の訃報は痛ましく、残念です。
会議参加者の最終報告が郵送されてきて、国別参加者数がわかります。多い方から記すと、イタリア43、USA40、日本22、ロシア12、フランス6、ドイツ4、イギリス3、スイス3、オーストラリア2、中国2（他に1名の国が8カ国）となっています。
1-1. ICCF8でのTNCFモデル関係の話題
Alternative
Energy Institute, Inc. がそのweb site: www.altenergy.org/iccf8/ でICCF8の紹介をしています。その中のSpeakers/speakers.htmlで、多少とも説明文のついた20名のうちにあるH. Kozimaの説明文を引用します。
“Professor Emeritus in the Department of Physics at Shizuoka
University. His paper “Neutron Band in Solids” was published in the Journal of
Physical Society of Japan in September 1998. His book, “Discovery of the Cold
Fusion Phenomenon: Development of Solid State Physics and the Energy Crisis in
the 21st Century” was published by Ohtake Shuppan Inc., in Tokyo, 1998. The
book is 370 pages and the ISBN is 4-87186-044-2. Kozima is associated in the
cold fusion area with his TNCF (trapped neutron catalyzed fusion) theory, and
this book focuses on the theory. Kozima was one of the first to attempt a
replication of the Pons-Fleischmann paper. He was fortunate to get results in
the first attempt, in the form of neutrons. He soon realized that the processes
were stochastic, and therefore difficult to repeat at will. Dr. Kozima is a
senior consultant and founding member of Japan’s CF-Research Society.”
この説明文中、”this book
focuses on the theory.”というのは、一面的すぎることが、お読みになった方には分かると思います。どこかで同じような評価を見たような気がしますが、この本には実験データの紹介が約100ページ、TNCFモデルの説明とデータ解析が約150ページあります。上の説明は”this book
introduces various experimental data in CFP and analyses them by the TNCF
model.”とでもすべきだとは思いませんか.
このホームページには、口頭発表の内容も写真入りで紹介されています。小生の部分の文章を次に引用し、上の紹介と合わせて、この場合もモデルの把握の仕方がいかに不完全かをご覧頂きたいと思います。研究会や学会での科学者の理解も似たようなものが多い事を考えると、ジャーナリストの理解に限界があるのも仕方ないのかもしれません。
“Hideo Kozima has been very prolific in describing his Trapped -Neutron-Catalyzed-Fusion
theory. Central to the model is a source of neutrons, which are released under
certain circumstances. When they are found to cause a nuclear reaction, the
magnitude of the reaction is used to calculate the supposed concentration of
active neutrons. Supported for the model is based on the calculated neutron
concentration values falling within a relatively narrow range. Unfortunately,
the parameters used to calculate the neutron concentrations have no
relationship to the actual environment in which the reactions occur. The source
of these neutrons has always been a problem, which Kozima now proposes may be
cosmic neutrons related to sunspot activity.”
捕獲中性子に関しては、講演のときにもG. Mileyから質問が出ました。Bohrモデルを引用して、モデルには無前提な仮定が存在し、モデルの価値は現象を如何にうまく説明するかである、と説明したのですが、この点の理解が難しいようです。次のステップである、成功したモデルの中の仮定（Premises）が物理的に何を意味するのかを研究する問題との混同があるようです。これまで何年にも亘って同じ批判、質問を受け続けており、その度にBohrモデルの安定な定常軌道の仮定とその量子力学的解決の経緯を説明してきました。（例えばNews No.12, 4）参照）Sturm und Drangの時期を過ぎた学問（をする学者）には、仮説やモデルの存在価値が希薄になるということでしょうか。これらの点を指摘し、訂正を申し入れましたが、受け入れられるとよいのですが。
16日にイタリアから帰国してから、8月一杯の日本滞在の予定に制約されて、ICCF8で発表された論文の紹介の準備が遅れています。紙面のページ数の関係もあり、論文紹介とその検討は次号以降にまわさせていただきます。
2) H. Kozima and K. Arai, “Local
Coherence, Condensation and Nuclear Reaction of Neutrons at Crystal Boundary of
Metal Hydrides and Deuterides” Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy 25, 845 (2000)
Abstract
Using a concept of
the neutron Bloch wave in the one-body approximation presented previously,
possibilities of following effects in boundary regions of crystals including
hydrogen isotopes are pointed out: occurrence of local coherence, formation of
neutron Cooper pair, condensation of neutrons, formation of neutron drop and an
effective nuclear reaction of a nucleus with thermal neutrons. It is shown that
these new states and reactions will have strong effects on solid state-nuclear
physics in metal hydrides (deuterides). Stochastic occurrence of localized
nuclear reactions observed in CF experiments is explained by these properties
of the trapped neutron. Possible application of the nuclear reactions in metal
hydrides is discussed.
3）第2回CF（固体内核反応）研究会講演会の開催
次の様な開催通知が事務局からのe-mailで届きました。
第二回JCF（固体内核反応研究会）会議開催について
場所：北海道大学学術交流会館（札幌市北区北8条西6丁目、北大正門のすぐそば）
時：2000年10月21日（土曜日）22日（日曜日）
発表：２０−２５分の口頭発表形式
スケジュール：
アブストラクト締め切り： ２０００年７月３１日
プログラム決定連絡： ２０００年８月末
参加申し込み先：大阪大学大学院工学研究科、原子工学専攻、高橋研究室ＪＣＦ２係
５６５ー０８７１大阪府吹田市山田丘2-1、
Fax:
81-6-6879-7889
Tel:
81-6-6879-7890 または 7891
Email:
mohta@newjapan.nucl.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
アブストラクト 申込期限：2000年7月31日
発表者名、所属、題目、アブストラクトA4用紙1頁程度（英語のアブストラクトを奨励します）。フリーフォーマットです。e-mail添付ファイルでお送りいただけると便利です。普通郵便でも結構です。
4) Open Minded Attitudes to
the Science
Hokkaido University Michio Enyo
One of our research
topics for several years before 1989 was the Pd hydrogen electrode system. This
was concerned on the study of detailed mechanism of the hydrogen electrode
reaction, particularly to establish the partition of hydrogen overpotential
between the process of proton (water) discharge that forms hydrogen adatoms and
the process of recombination of the hydrogen adatoms that forms hydrogen
molecules. Therefore, at the time
of announcement of the cold fusion (CF) phenomena in the March of 1989 by
Fleischmann et al., we were in a position very close to the system concerned
and thus very easy to grasp the topic.
At the time of the announcement,
and perhaps the time throughout until now, it is believed that the key factor
of the CF would be to realize the gigantic high hypothetical hydrogen
(deuterium) pressure that reflects the concentration of hydrogen (deuterium)
dissolved in Pd. In this respect,
we thought that we could make some contributions to the field, such as to
evaluate the pressure and the means to increase the pressure under a given
condition. We made some comments
such as that the pressure would be very high but not as high as the level Prof.
Fleischmann thought; it was determined not by the hydrogen overpotential itself
but by the part that is partitioned on the hydrogen recombination process.
The
Fleischmann-Pons* effect has not been perfectly reproduced during some ten years after the
first announcement, but the field itself has been widened particularly for the
discovery of similar phenomena even in light water system or finding the fact
that indicates the involvement of atomic transmutation processes. We believe that we could make sizable
important contributions in the latter topics.
Although the field
of CF appears to be confirmed to a reasonable level, attitudes of the people
towards the CF seems to be more and more clearly split into two categories;
people in one group seems to became more and more confident to support the
phenomena but the others became more solid in denying it. The situation is rather unfortunate as
it prevents discussions to be held in a normal scientific manner and hence
prevents development of the field in a sound sense. Science certainly grows on the basis of sound and free
scientific discussions, either positive or negative, but not based on any
superficial ideas.
It is said in the history of science, that the people once, and then probably many times, thought that the level of development of the science at that time was such that its essential part was mostly cleared, except for minor points. However, they were then to see that entirely new concepts and new paradigms were disclosed soon. This tells us that we should never be sure if everything is already made clear now. It is hence important for us to be modest toward the nature and to have open-minded attitudes to the development of science.
Incidentally, it is rather difficult to understand that some people
even on the side supporting the CF does not seem to believe that the distance
from the CF of the d-d fusion type to any transmutation processes such as the
one involving light hydrogen is far smaller than the distance from the CF
phenomena to the ordinary hot fusion process. In other words, if one dares to believe that the d-d type CF
or the like should exist after all, he then should admit that the transmutation
processes would be in a reasonable distance from the latter. Here again, people should take more
open-minded attitudes. We should
always anticipate wider possibilities of the science than that we know at the
present time. (February 24, 2000)