CFRL English News No. 77 (2011. 12. 20)
Cold
Fusion Research Laboratory (
E-mail address; hjrfq930@ybb.ne.jp, cf-lab.kozima@pdx.edu
Websites; http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/, http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/
(Back numbers of this News are posted on the above geocities and/or PSU site of the CFRL Websites)
CFP (Cold Fusion Phenomenon) stands for “nuclear reactions and accompanying events occurring
in open (with external particle and energy supply), non-equilibrium system
composed of solids with high densities of hydrogen isotopes (H and/or D) in
ambient radiation” belonging to Solid-State Nuclear Physics (SSNP) or Condensed
Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS).
This is the CFRL News (in English) No. 77 for Cold Fusion researchers
published by Dr. H. Kozima, now at the Cold Fusion Research Laboratory,
Shizuoka, Japan.
This
issue contains the following items:
1. JCF12 was held on Dec. 17 – 18, 2011 in Kobe, Japan
2. Two papers from CFRL are presented at JCF12
3. On patents issued in relation to the Cold Fusion
Phenomenon
１. JCF12 was
held on Dec. 17 – 18, 2011 in Kobe, Japan
JCF12 was held on
December 17 – 18, 2011 at Kobe University in Kobe, Japan. There are presented
19 presentations including 7 experimental and 7 theoretical papers. The program
of the conference and abstracts of papers presented are posted at following JCF
website;
http://jcfrs.org/JCF12/jcf12-program.pdf
http://jcfrs.org/JCF12/jcf12-abstracts.pdf
2. Two papers from CFRL are presented at JCF12
Two papers from our CFRL (Cold
Fusion Research Laboratory) were presented;
1. JCF12-8 H. Kozima and M. Tada, “The Cold
Fusion Phenomenon in Hydrogen Graphites”
2. JCF12-13 H. Kozima, “Three laws in the
Cold Fusion Phenomenon and Their Physical Meaning”
We give here brief explanations of
these papers.
2-1. The Cold Fusion
Phenomenon in Hydrogen Graphites
In this paper, we took up
experimental data sets of nuclear transmutation and excess heat in discharge
and electrolysis systems with carbon (graphite) electrodes. The discharge
experiments are performed in water with carbon cathode and carbon or metal
anodes where measured generation of new elements of Ca, Si, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni,
Cu and/or Zn.
As we have shown a possible explanation of nuclear transmutation in XLPE
(cross-linked polyethylene) (Proc. ICCF14 pp. 618 – 622 (2010)) by an interaction between carbon and hydrogen
in interlaced superlattice, it is possible to explain the results obtained in
the carbon arc experiments with similar mechanism in interlaced superlattice of
carbon lattice (graphite) and occluded hydrogen lattice. Some experimental and
simulation results favorable for this mechanism are given. Full paper of this
work will be published in Proc. JCF12
to be published next year.
2-2. Three laws in
the Cold Fusion Phenomenon and Their Physical Meaning
In this paper, we discussed physical meaning
of the CFP (cold fusion phenomenon) suggested by the three empirical laws obtained
by analyses of experimental data sets in this field. The three laws can be
presented as follows;
The first
law: stability effect of nuclei to generate them in the CFP. This law tells
us that the more stable a nuclide, the more often it is generated by nuclear
transmutation in the CFP.
This law was deduced from a comparison of the natural abundances of
elements （Suess and Urey, Rev. Mod. Phys. 28, 53-74 (1956)） and
compiled data of observed elements generated in the CFP. There is another
evidence of this law observed by Hora et al. (“Nuclear Shell Magic Numbers
agree with Measured Transmutation by Low-Energy Reactions,” Proc. ICCF7, pp. 147 – 151 (1998))
showing correlation between the number of nuclei observed in the CFP and their
stability expressed by magic numbers.
The second
law: inverse-power relation between the magnitude of an event p and the probability f(p) of its
occurrence, f(p) ＝ C/pn
where C is a constant and n is an index of about one.
This law was deduced first from the extensive data obtained by McKubre et
al. and later from the data by Dash et al. H. Lietz deduced another example
analyzing more than 150 data sets compiled in E. Storms’ book.
Similar examples of the inverse-power law are known in other fields. One
of these examples famous in seismology is the Gutenberg-Richter law (cf.
Wikipedia). This law tells us that the CFP belongs to complexity as the earthquake
does.
The third
law: bifurcation of an effect in its time course.
This law was deduced by comparison of experimental data with bifurcation
diagrams obtained in nonlinear dynamics (J. Gleick, Chaos, Figure
on Page 71. ISBN 0 14 00.9250 1).
The parameter in the logistic difference equation used to simulate the
bifurcation diagram is supposed to be the parameter nn in our TNCF model used to analyze various
experimental data sets in the CFP.
These three laws show that (1) the CFP is a phenomenon
belonging to complexity, and (2) the nuclear reactions occurring in the CFP
are not similar to those occurring in nuclear physics in vacuum but rather
resemble those occurring in stars. We should investigate a possible mechanism
to replicate the first law.
Preliminary manuscript of this paper is posted at CFRL website;
http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/Papers/paperr/paperr.html
Full paper of this
presentation will be published in Proc.
JCF12 to be published next year.
3. On patents related to the Cold Fusion Phenomenon
Several patents have been issued
by now as far as we remember. From my memory, I can write down several of them
which will give some positive effects to our research field.
Patterson patent
United States Patent
US4943355 July
24, 1990
United States Patent
US5036031 July
30, 1991
United States Patent
US5372688 Dec.
13, 1994
Rossi patent (from the home page
of Leonardo Corporation)
http://www.leonardo-ecat.com/fp/index.html
They say that only
the following patent application has been published and is available for review
by the public.
United
States Patent Application US2011/0005506A1;
pub. Date: Jan. 13, 2011
World
Patent WO/2009/125444;
pub. Date: 15.10.2009
Even if successful applications of a research
field are a positive element to activate the field, there are inevitably
demerits in the patent war as we experienced from the beginning of our
research. The episode of Mme. Curie told by her daughter (The Science of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon ,Topic 3. Radium and patent) may
be a story in the good old days of science.