CFRL English News No. 75
(2011. 4. 20)
Cold
Fusion Research Laboratory (
E-mail address; hjrfq930@ybb.ne.jp, cf-lab.kozima@pdx.edu
Websites; http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/, http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/
(Back numbers of this News are posted on the above geocities and/or PSU site of the CFRL Websites)
CFP (Cold Fusion Phenomenon) stands for “nuclear reactions and accompanying events occurring
in open (with external particle and energy supply), non-equilibrium system
composed of solids with high densities of hydrogen isotopes (H and/or D) in
ambient radiation” belonging to Solid-State Nuclear Physics (SSNP) or Condensed
Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS).
This is the CFRL News (in English) No. 75 for Cold Fusion researchers
published by Dr. H. Kozima, now at the Cold Fusion Research Laboratory,
Shizuoka, Japan.
This
issue contains the following items:
1. Complexity, Earthquake, and Cold Fusion
Phenomenon
1. Complexity, Earthquake, and Cold Fusion Phenomenon
1.1 Success and its Limitation of
Modern Physics
Since its birth in the
16th century, modern physics had prospered using the ideology of the
so-called “reductionism” and served the modern industry in the modern
capitalism world. The reductionism rests on the following steps; (1) aim at an
event or phenomenon in a simple system extracted from others in a complex
system composed of combined components entangled with each other, (2)
describe the event logically or mathematically as precisely as possible based
on the established principles, (3) arrange the situation around us to have a
reduced pure simple system at our discretion to discard other events
than the one picked up from a real system, (4) check the consistency of the
description with the fact obtained or observed in the simple system, (5) adjust
the description of the event to keep the consistency if necessary, and (6) substitute
one or more principles if necessary to keep the consistency.
The heritage of the
modern science served the modern industrial society to prosper establishing the
worldwide capitalistic system thus forming a conglomerate of science and
technology. The main driving force of the science at present is materialistic
gain.
The success of the
modern science using the simple system deduced from the whole complex outside
world is guaranteed by the sound existence of the residue after the extraction
of the simple system. Fortunately, this condition has survived for several
hundred years until the last century. The situation changed drastically with destruction
of the original harmony of our globe by the end of the last century. The model
of our activity based on the simple system has lost its effectiveness for our
existence in the world.
The science has
noticed the limitation of the modern science for about 30 years using the
complexity concepts looking for a new approach to our intellectual world.
However, the real world could not follow the new intellectual world. The
harmful influences of the simplification of thought are prevailing in various
fields of our social activity. We show some examples in this article below.
1.2 Earthquake
We have suffered the
Higashi-nihon Daisinsai (The Eastern Japan Big Disaster by Earthquake) induced
by the M9.0 earthquake which occurred at the coast of Sanriku area on March 11,
2011. It was known that the area suffered from the tsunami caused by a similar
earthquake 1200 years ago on July 13, 869. Some seismologists including Prof.
R. Geller of Tokyo University noticed this fact and warned people in Japan to
prepare for the possible occurrence of an earthquake at the area and also to
change their mind for the “prediction” of the huge earthquakes expected around
pacific coasts in Japan. His papers on this problem had been published already
in a journal Nature in 1991 (Vol.
352, No. 6333, pp. 275 – 276) and “Kagaku” (in Japanese) in 2003. After 3.11,
he published a paper in Nature (2011)
discussing again the “prediction” of earthquakes in Japan http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10105.html.
Dr. Geller discusses
the problem of “prediction” in Japan mainly from his seismological point of
view, he cites the Gutenberg-Richter(G-R) in the seismology, the inverse-power law specific to complexity, in his paper in Kagaku as a
general background of the impossibility of prediction of earthquakes. Unfortunately,
the paper in Nature (2011) did not
contain this part due to the editor’s opinion to make the paper rather compact.
The Japanese system
for the “prediction” of earthquakes may be revealing a lack of scientific
thinking in Japanese society. If we accept the common sense of seismology
earlier, our measures for huge earthquakes including the system at atomic power
stations may be a little different from those we had before 3.11.
One of scientist’s responsibilities for society will
be our practice based on scientific minds. In this relation, our effort to
establish the science of the cold fusion phenomenon is valuable not only to
explore new energy source but also to practice scientific endeavor in the
frontier of the science in the interdisciplinary field between solid state
physics and nuclear physics.
1.3 The Cold Fusion
Phenomenon
Our commonsense of scientific
minds in researches of science has been sometimes betrayed by biases in the
minds of scientists as the above example of seismology shows. As Dr. Geller has
discussed in his papers and we have known from several examples in science
history(1), scientific activity have been apt to be biased by
secular demands.
(1) W. Broad and N. Wade, Betrayers of
the Truth – Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science-, Simon and
Twenty two years after the discovery of the cold
fusion phenomenon, we feel the lack of scientific foundation of research in this
field. This is a cause and also an effect of the neglect from main stream
scientists of our research field. We could not fix the name of our field, for
instance, the most appropriate one. Many names have been proposed but they have
defects to express characteristics of the field. For instance, the “Low Energy
Nuclear Reactions” is relative and unclear as the Editors of the Proc. ICCF14 point out(2).
Actually, this name is used to specify the nuclear reactions in the energy
region up to about 10 MeV in nuclear physics.
(2) D.J. Nagel and M.E. Melich, Proc.
ICCF14, ISBN: 978-0-578-06694-3. http://www.infinite-energy.com
and also http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/Cfcom/Histry/ICCF/iccf14his.htm
We have used the name the “Cold Fusion Phenomenon”
for more than 15 years from 1995 when a paper “On the Cold Fusion Phenomenon in
a Ni-H System” appeared in Cold Fusion Vol.
8, p. 5 (1995). We like this name, not noticed in the above Preface by Nagel and Melich, because
it covers the original name “Cold
Fusion” used by our pioneers and also this unexplored field without unknown
causes for various effects in the interdisciplinary field between solid state
(or condensed matter) physics and nuclear physics.
As we know well, the cold fusion phenomenon (CFP)
occurs in complex systems characterized by several natures. The systems are
open to particles and thermal energy, are composed of hydrogen isotopes (H
and/or D) and metals/carbons, and have inhomogeneous structures for
distribution of H/D. The effects or products of the CFP are new elements and
enormous amount of excess heat inexplicable by chemical (or atomic) reactions
except nuclear reactions.
There have been discovered several laws between amounts of these products(3
– 7).
(3)H. Kozima, “Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon,” Reports of
CFRL (Cold Fusion Research Laboratory) 8-1, 1 - 22 (August, 2008).
http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/Papers/paperr/paperr.html. And also Proc. ICCF14, pp. 613 – 617 (2010). ISBN: 978-0-578-06694-3. (4)
H. Kozima, The Science of the Cold Fusion
Phenomenon, Section 2.12, Elsevier (2006). ISBN-10: 0-080-45110-1. (5) H.
Kozima, W.W. Zhang and J. Dash, “Precision Measurement of Excess Energy in
Electrolytic System Pd/D/H2SO4 and Inverse-Power
Distribution of Energy Pulses vs. Excess Energy,” Proc. ICCF13, pp. 348 –
358 (2008). ISBN 978-5-93271-428-7.(6) H. Lietz, "Status of the
Field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science", Working Paper,
Especially, the inverse-power law between the amount
of excess energy and the frequency of their observation expresses the
complexity of the CFP telling us the lack of the quantitative reproducibility
such as we expect in simple systems. We have to do research in this field presuming
this fact which has been almost ignored in this field and outside causing
unnecessary confusion of quantitative reproducibility.
It should be recognized that there are many examples
of the qualitative reproducibility in nuclear and elementary particle physics.
One of these examples is the radioactive decay of unstable nuclei, e.g. 226Ra
with the half-life of 1.60×103 y. We do know only the average number
of 226Ra after this life time not knowing which one decayed or which
one remained. Recognition of the nature of the CFP will help us in the research
and in the communication with researchers in other fields.
2. On the Health
Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
CONCLUSIONS (of the report “Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of
Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII – Phase 2”
Despite the challenges associated
with understanding the health effects of low doses of low-LET radiation,
current knowledge allows several conclusions. The BEIR VII committee concludes
that current scientific evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that there
is a linear dose-response relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation
and the development of radiation-induced solid cancers in humans.
The committee further judges it
unlikely that a threshold exists for the induction of cancers but notes that
the occurrence of radiation-induced cancers at low doses will be small. The
committee maintains that other health effects (such as heart disease and
stroke) occur at high radiation doses, but additional data must be gathered
before an assessment can be made of any possible connection between low doses
of radiation and noncancer health effects. Additionally, the committee
concludes that although adverse health effects in children of exposed parents
(attributable to radiation-induced mutations) have not been found, there are
extensive data on radiation-induced transmissible mutations in mice and other organisms.
Thus, there is no reason to believe that humans would be immune to this sort of
harm.
http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11340
We know the health effects of
external causes on the human body depend strongly on the character of individuals
in common sense. The most notable example may be the allergy to certain
substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms. It may be safe to say
that we do not know well the effect of low level ionizing radiation yet.
However, it may be scientific response and is better to accept the above report
of NAS not to risk exposure to radiation ourselves.
We have stressed this apparent
point now due to the situation in Japan after 3.11 disaster where some people
insist there is a positive effect of the exposure to low levels of ionizing
radiation based on the assumption of the so-called hormesis. There are too many
assumptions on the cause of diseases, as we know, appealing to the demands to
escape from sufferings.