CFRL English News No

CFRL English News No. 61 (2005. 5. 20)

Cold Fusion Research Laboratory (Japan) Dr. Hideo Kozima, Director

hjrfq930@ybb.ne.jp

Websites; http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/

http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/

(Back numbers of this News are posted on the above Website)

CFP (Cold Fusion Phenomenon) stands for “nuclear reactions and accompanying events occurring in solids with high densities of hydrogen isotopes (H and/or D) in ambient radiation.”

This is the CFRL News (in English) No. 61 for Cold Fusion researchers published by Dr. H. Kozima, now at the Cold Fusion Research Laboratory, Shizuoka, Japan.

This issue contains following items:

1. “The Cold Fusion Phenomenon and a Complexity (1) – Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon –“ Proc. JCF6 (April 27 – 28, 2005, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan) (to be published)

2. H. Kozima, “Cold Fusion Phenomenon” Rep. Fac. Science, Shizuoka Univ. 39, 21-90 (2005) was published.

3. JCF6 (April 27 – 28, 2005, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan) was held successfully.

1. “The Cold Fusion Phenomenon and a Complexity (1) – Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon –“ Proc. JCF6 (April 27 – 28, 2005, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan) (to be published)

At the JCF6 (The Sixth Annual Conference of Japan CF-Research Society) held in Meguro Campus of Tokyo Institute of Technology, the above paper was presented (No. JCF6-10). In this paper, we discussed complexity nature of the cold fusion phenomenon (CFP) using two laws (the “stability effect” in nuclear transmutation and the “inverse-power law” of excess heat generation) and other empirical rules in CFP. It is pointed out that there are chaos, self-organization and complexity in CFP if we look carefully into enormous experimental data obtained in these 16 years. The paper submitted to Organizing Committee to be published in the Proceedings of JCF6 is posted at the Cold Fusion Research Laboratory (CFRL) website; http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/News/NewsPrefaces/JCF6paper.htm

2. H. Kozima, “Cold Fusion Phenomenon” Rep. Fac. Science, Shizuoka Univ. 39, 1-69 (2005) was published.

In this paper, we presented a review of the cold fusion phenomenon (CFP) looked at from the author’s point of view based on the phenomenological (TNCF model) and quantum mechanical works presented in these 11 years from 1994 to 2005.

As the table of fields and effects of CFP presented at JCF6 (below) shows, CFP includes various events occurring in various fields. We treat these events as a whole as various facets of a phenomenon rather than separately as a collection of phases of individual phenomena.

Matrix Substances	Transition metals (Ti, Ni, Mo, Pd, Pt, etc.), Proton Conductors (SrCeO₃, REBa₂Cu₃O₇, AlLaO₃), Ferroelectrics (KD₂PO₄, TGS, etc.), Others (C, Na_xWO₃, Stainless Steel, etc.)
Agents	¹₀n, ¹₁H, ²₁H, (¹⁶₈O), ⁶₃Li, ¹⁰₅B, ²³₁₁Na, ³⁹₁₉K, ⁸⁵₃₇Rb, ⁸⁷₃₇Rb, SO₄^2–, etc.
Direct Evidences	Neutron energy spectrum n(ε), Gamma rays γ(ε), Spatial distribution of NT products (^A’_Z’X(r)), Decay time shortening, Fission barrier decrease
Indirect Evidences	Excess Heat Q, Number of neutrons N_n, Number of tritons N_t, Number of ⁴₂He N_He4, Number of NT products N_NT(for NT_D, NT_F, NT_A, and NT_T), X-ray spectra X(ε)

Abstract of the paper is cited below.

Abstract

First of all, it should be mentioned that the term "Cold Fusion Phenomenon" (CFP) includes nuclear reactions and accompanying events occurring in solids with high densities of hydrogen isotopes (H and/or D) in ambient radiation.

In 1989, Fleischmann and Pons published the first modern paper on this problem. In an electrolytic system, Pd/D₂O + LiOD/Pt, they measured excess heat, tritium and neutrons. They expected to conclude from the experimental data that the observed data were resulted from d-d fusion reactions in solids, the Fleischmann's hypothesis, are generally considered improbable to occur in solids. Succeeding investigations revealed, however, that such curious events not known before are also observed in systems containing only protium without deuterium. Furthermore, it became clear that there are no positive results without background thermal neutrons thus showing the essential role of thermal neutrons in CFP. More puzzling factors in CFP are poor reproducibility and the sporadic occurrence of events. In addition to these qualitative characteristics discovered, there is an enormous amount of data of various kinds of events occurring in samples localized at surfaces/boundaries showing facts peculiar to CFP, which are inexplicable without invoking nuclear reactions in materials used in the CF experiments (CF materials).

A phenomenological approach using a model (TNCF model) was tried as an orthodox procedure to attack complex problems with unknown parameters difficult to explain theoretically using known fundamental equations. We were able to give a consistent explanation of various experimental data sets obtained in both protium and deuterium systems and in proton conductors with the TNCF model. Puzzles of CFP pointed out above were explained indirectly from unified point of view based on experimental facts. The key postulate of the phenomenological TNCF model is the existence of thermal neutrons in fcc transition-metal hydrides/deuterides and proton conductors, where most positive data have been obtained. The TNCF model with an adjustable parameter, n_n, has been successful in explaining characteristics of CFP and many quantitative relations between CF products. Also, a progress of the TNCF model has been made to the neutron drop model to explain nuclear transmutations where a multi-neutron absorption by a nuclide is needed.

In an attempt to explain quantum mechanically the several postulates assumed in the successful models, it has been shown that there are previously unknown, important new fields in nuclear physics and solid-state physics. These fields are closely related with the CFP and are not explained by conventional knowledge of physics. The excited state of neutrons around the separation level (zero energy) in a nucleus is a concept not recognized to have any importance in nuclear physics. The quantum mechanical state of hydrogen isotopes in fcc transition-metal hydrides and deuterides is another concept not recognized to have an important connection with nuclear physics. Surface layers on the cathodes in electrolytic systems and boundary layers in compound CF materials play important role in realization of CFP. These problems especially in electrolytic systems are investigated quantum mechanically and complexity in CFP is pointed out in this paper.

3. JCF6 (April 27 – 28, 2005, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan) was held successfully.

The Sixth Annual Meeting of JCF（The Japan CF-Research Society）was held as above in Meguro Campus of Tokyo Institute of Technology with about 20 presentations and about 40 participants. Details of the Conference including Abstracts of papers presented are posted at JCF website;

http://wwwcf.elc.iwate-u.ac.jp/jcf/　

One of the most interesting papers presented at the Conference was that by Iwate University Group （No. JCF6-9）. They detected several new elements including Ba and Rb in a system of Pd cathode, Pt anode and HNO₃ + H₂O electrolytic solution. These new elements distributed on electrode surfaces and in the solution showing surface nature of nuclear reactions producing these elements.