CFRL English News No. 20 (January 10,
2001)
Cold Fusion Research Laboratory
Prof.
Hideo Kozima.
This is CFRL News (in English) No. 20 translated from
Japanese version published for friend researchers of Cold Fusion Research
Laboratory directed by Dr. H. Kozima in Portland State University. The e-mail
address in PSU is cf-lab.kozima@pdx.edu.
In this issue,
there are following items.
1)
On the Diffusion
of Hydrogen Isotopes in Transition-Metal Hydrides.
2)
More Details on RCCNT8
held in Sochi, Russia.
1) On the Diffusion of
Hydrogen Isotopes in Transition-Metal Hydrides (Deuterides)
There are many
factors we have to notice in the research of CFP (the cold fusion phenomenon).
I would like to point out two points here.
First, it is necessary to
discriminate two approaches, phenomenological and microscopic, as clearly as
possible. Second, in the microscopic approach, it is necessary to recognize CFP
is not isolated phenomenon but is a part of physics closely related with other
physics, especially with physics of matter. The first point is easily
understood if we recollect the relation of thermodynamics and statistical
mechanics. In this article, I refer to two papers on the properties of
diffusion of hydrogen isotopes in transition metals.
(1) J. Voelkl and G.
Alefeld, “Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals” in Hydrogen in Metals Vol. I, p. 321, published in 1978.
(2) J.A. Sussmann
and U. Weissman, “Application of the Quantum Theory of Diffusion to H and D
in Niobium” Phys. Stat. Sol. Vol.
53B, 419 (1972).
The paper (1) is a review article on the diffusion and contains
following interesting sentences.
“In contrast to the case
of H in Pd and H in Ni, the measurements in iron show quite unsatisfactory
scatter in spite of a large number of investigations. Only above 250 degree C
the scatter is about one order of magnitude and decreases slightly with higher
temperature. The absolute value of D for iron in this temperature region is
higher than that for Pd.”
There are four
orders of magnitude scatter below 250 degree C. Causes of this scatter are
contemplated and concluded that the principal one might be surface effects. It
has been well known, for instance in the case of semiconductors, properties of
compound materials sensitive to their structure had a poor reproducibility. To
make the reproducibility higher, they concentrated their efforts to make
composition as homogeneous as possible.
In the case of CFP,
however, the effect is a nuclear reaction having six orders of magnitude larger
energy than the cause, atomic or molecular phenomena occurring with energies of
orders of less than 100 meV. This means the effect is exaggerated very much to
show reproducibility extravagantly poor. It is necessary to realize this
characteristic clearly.
In the paper (2), an ion
band formed by excited states of protons (deuterons) in interstices are used to
explain diffusion characteristics of H (D) in Nb with fair successes. This is
an example of properties of matter not independent of CFP. Details of our
contemplation on this point will be given in other places.
2) RCCNTCE8 (8-th Russian Conference on Cold
Nuclear Transmutation of Chemical Elements) Dagamys, Sochi, October 4 - 11,
2000.
A brief outline of the
Conference was given in No. 18 of this news. In this News, titles of papers
closely related with CFP are recited. (Numbers of the papers show the order of
presentation according to the brochure.)
1. L.G. Sapogin and
A.P. Buslaev, “Is ‘Perpetuum Mobile’
possible in Quantum Physics?”
2. V.D.
Dougar-Jabon,V.I. Karioka,V.A. Kondratov,D.V. Roznikov,
N.V. Samsonenko and V.D. Schepilov, “Measurement
of Neutrons and Gamma-Emission from Palladium-Hydrogen and Palladium-Deuterium
Systems at Hydrogen-Phase Rivet”
3. V.D. Dougar−Jabon,V.I. Kaioka and
N.V. Samsonenko, “A Search of Optimum
Conditions, Stimulating Neutron Emission from Palladium-Deuterium System at
Transformation of a Crystal Lattice”
4. M.H. Miles, “Anomalous Heat and Helium Production in the
Palladium-Boron System”
5. A.G. Lipson and
A.S. Roussetski, “Observation of
High-energy Alpha-particle Emission in Processes of Hydrogen (Deuterium)
Desorption”
6. R. Notoya and
A.G. Lipson, “Reaction Network of Cold
Nuclear Transmutation on the Basis of Gamma-spectra Observation During
Electrolysis in a System of K_{2}CO_{3} Light Water Solution/Pt Electrodes”
7. A.B. Karabut, “X-ray Registration in Experiments with
High-current Glow Discharge”
8. E. Conte, “Compressed Hydrogen Atoms: Like Neutron
Particles Explaining CF and LENR Phenomenologies”
10. Yu.N. Bazhutov, “Erzion Registration in the Bubble Chamber
SCAT”
11. D.S. Baranov, “Investigation of the Temperature and
Radiation Effects at Koldamosov Cell”
13. I.P. Chernov,
Y.P. Cherdantzev, A.M. Lider and G.V. Garanin, “Excess Heat Release upon Hydrogen Isotopes Electrolytic Saturation into
Metals”
14. I.P. Chernov and
N.N. Nikitenkov, “Investigation of the
Mechanism of Isotopic Composition Change during Hydrogen Charge of Metals”
15. V.I. Vysotski,
A.A. Lornilova, I.I. Samoylenko and G.A. Zykov, “Experimental Observation and Study of Controlled Transmutation of
Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures”
18. K.U. Urutskov and
V.I. Liksonov, “Observation of Transformation of Chemical
Elements during Electric Discharge”
19. K, I. Kholodov, “Analysis of the Work ‘Observation of
Transformation of Chemical Elements during Electric Discharge’ by Urutskov et
al.”
20. A.V.
Nestorovitch, B.U. Rodionov and I.B. Savvatimova, “Tracks Formation at Cold Atomic Nuclei Transmutation”
21. V.N. Nosov, “High-effective Acoustical Transducers for
Realization of Cold Nuclear Transmutation of Chemical Elements”
22. F. Frisone, “Theoretical Hypothesis on the Correlation
between the Probability of Fusion on the Surface and within Microcracks of a
Deuterium Loaded Crystalline Lattice at Room Temperature”
25. I.V. Goryachev
and O.A. Trykov, “Experiment on
De-excitation of Ni Nuclei”
27. R.N. Kuzmin, P.O.
Revokatov, B.N. Shbilkin, M.A. Zavialov, P.M. Tyurkanov and E.N. Evlanov, “Transmutation of Elements at High Voltage
and High Current Density”
29. V.A. Romodanov
and A.K Pokrovsky, “Registration of the
Excess Heat for Transfusion of Hydrogen through Membranes”
30. V.A. Romodanov,
Ya.B. Skuratnik and A.K. Pokrovsky, “Tritium
Generation for Hydrogen Isotopes Interaction with Metals”
36. J, Dash and J.
Warnar, “Electrolysis of Acidified Heavy
Water with Titanium Cathodes”
There are several
papers on Ball Lightening by R.N. Kuzmin et al.
Attendants from
abroad were J. Dash and F. Frisone.
Comments on several of these presentations will be given in future
issues of this News.
One of
characteristics we feel in the style of Russian scientists may be their
perseverance. In the list of titles given above, we recognize several works
continued for several years some of them are: 7. by Karabut, 13. by Chernov, 15. by Vysotski, 29. by Romodanov.
In my student days,
I have read many Russian books on Physics and noticed difference in the names
of Effects called in Russia from those in Western Europe. Many discoveries had
been already found in Russia, it has been said so, before they are discovered
in Europe and presented to common.
In the case of CFP,
it is said similar effects had been observed in Russia before 1989.
It may be certain, I think, that there are some investigations in
Russia similar to one discovered in Europe if we search through the country.
The idea of Erzion
proposed by Bazhutov (10.) belongs to this genre. If this baryon named as
erzion is found as Bazhutov claims, it will induce a revolution in physics ranging
from CFP to high-energy physics. The summary of the paper is shown below:
“During look over ~10,000
stills from bubble chamber SCAT, it was registered ~20,000 tracks of cosmic
rays penetrating particles. Based on these ~20,000 events momentum size spectrum
for both positive and negative charged particles and so their charge ratio
momentum dependence were constructed. In momentum size spectrum for negative
charged particles the excess size spectrum was found in the region of momentum
more than ~30 GeV/c (> 5 sigma). It was shown that their negative charge,
the excess particles intensity (~10^{-5} cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}) and its level
momentum dependence (~30 GeV/c) are in good accordance with Erzion model of new
particles in cosmic rays.”
A phenomenon like
CFP, inexplicable from conventional points of view in physics, should be
explained using an idea alien from common science. The larger the discrepancy
between the idea and the common sense of science is, the larger its impacts on
the science and technology are. It is true that CFP is not interesting if it is
explained simple mechanism in the common physics. The Missing factor (MF) to explain CFP is better if it is alien from
conventional physics.
The story around
CFP is that what is the missing factor for CFP. The so-called skeptics consider
the missing factor is experimental errors or artifacts as written in
journalistic articles and books, which we do not need to care about in the
present stage of researches.
In serious
researches, there are several kinds of MF’s as classified in my book
“Discovery”. There are six kinds of MF’s: 1. Acceleration model, 2. Heavy
charged particle catalyzed model, 3. Many-body screening model, 4. New quantum
mechanics, 5. Phonon effect theory, 6. Philosophical approach.
The erzion of Bazhutov
belongs in the second genre. The magnetic monopole proposed by T. Sawada
(explained in his essay published in this News (Japanese version) Nos. 12, 13
and 18 in detail) is also in the same genre.
Another
characteristic of Russian research of CFP is relative independence from
commercialism related with the patent. As I have noticed in my writings, there
are two barriers preventing sound development of CF research: 1. Mental
(conceptual) barrier and 2. Patent barrier. I feel there is not much secrecy in
the presentation by Russian.
About the barrier,
conceptual one, the barrier in Italy and in Russia is relatively low compared
with other countries. In USA, however, we have an example of G.H. Miley who
endeavored to treat CFP scientifically and succeeded to do so in his work as an
Editor of a journal (FT) (cf. News No.19, Item 3). This may be an example of
generosity in science and society of USA.
It is very
regrettable to hear that the journal Il
Nuovo Cimento published by Italian Physical Society is united to European Physics Journals and
disappeared. As is well known, the name of this journal means The New Trials and symbolizes essence of
research works. This name has deserved to the Institution in the country
related with names of such geniuses as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei,
Evangelista Torricelli, and Luigi Galvani. It is an inevitable change according
to the flow of time to change the name but I hope the essence be kept under the
new name.