CFRL English News No.2 (July 10, 1999)

Cold Fusion Research Laboratory Prof. Hideo Kozima

This is CFRL News (in English) No.2 translated from Japanese version published for friend researchers of Cold Fusion Research Laboratory directed by Dr. H. Kozima..

In this issue, there are following items.

1) On the analysis of the data by Bockris et al. obtained in from 1989 to 1995,

2) Schedule of ICCF8,

3) On exotic nucleus and a possibility of Neutron Cluster formation,

4) Our paper to be published in Fusion Technology

5) About experimental data by L.C. Case.

1) The data by Bockris et al. are splendid.

Dr. J.O’M. Bockris mailed after reading my book Discovery of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon and made me realize defects of the book not analyzing his data about tritium, tritium and helium-4 and nuclear transmutation (NT_{F}). Main papers of them are followings:

1. N.J.C. Packham, K.L. Wolf, J.C. Wass, R.C. Kainthla and J.O'M. Bockris, "Production of Tritium from D_{2}O Electrolysis at a Palladium Cathode", J. Electroanal. Chem. 270, 451 (1989).

2. C-C. Chien, D. Hodko, Z. Minevski and J. O'M. Bockris, "On the Electrode Producing

Massive Quantities of Tritium and Helium", J. Electroanal. Chem. 338, 189 (1992).

3. J.O'M. Bockris and Z. Minevski, "Two Zones of "Impurities" Observed after Prolonged Electrolysis of Deuterium on Palladium", Infinite Energy 5 & 6, 67 (1995-96).

I could read them by helps of M.S. M. Ohta of Osaka University and Mr. H. Yamamoto of Yamaha Motors Inc. The paper (1) reports the first quantitative observation of tritium. The analysis by the TNCF model gave satisfactory result with the adjustable parameter n_{n} = 3.6 x 10^{7} cm ^{-3} and submitted to International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

The paper (2) reports simultaneous measurement of tritium and helium-4 for the first time. It is also reported absence of helium-3. Helium-4 was detected in the surface layer of the Pd cathode in accordance with the data by Morrey et al. in 1989. The amount of helium-4 is consistent with that of tritium if we assume helium-4 remained there only few percent (corresponding to 3 percent in the case of Morrey et al. assumed by us to give consistent result with the data of the excess heat measured by S. Pons). The adjustable parameter of the TNCF model n_n was determined as 1.8 x 10^{6} cm ^{-3}.

The paper (3) is the first observation of NT_{F} investigated extensively later by Miley et al. We analyzed this data taking only Fe and obtained the parameter n_n = 1.5 x 10^{11} cm ^{-3}. M.S. K, Arai of our Laboratory worked with me in the analysis.

2) First Announcement of ICCF8.

Invitation to the ICCF8 held in Italy was announced by a letter from the Organizing Committee (Chairman Franco　Scaramuzzi):

“8^th International Conference on Cold Fusion, May 21-26, 2000, Villa Marigola, Lerici (La Spezia), ITALY

I am pleased to inform you that in May 2000 the “8^th International Conference on Cold Fusion” (ICCF8) will take place in Italy, at Lerici, near La Spezia, in a beautiful spot on the Tirrenian Sea, and will be organized by the “Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente” (ENEA)”

It is my pleasure to read following sentence showing that the Italian Physical Society keeps scientific spirit in it activity:

“In this Conference an effort is made to improve communications between the Cold Fusion community and the scientific world at large. This is the significance of the important sponsorships that have been secured to it: the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CRN), the Italian Istituto Nazionale de Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the Societa Italiana di Fisica (SIF).”

The principle declared in the above sentence “an effort is made to improve communications between the Cold Fusion community and the scientific world at large” is the same one we have tried for several years after presentation of our TNCF model. We hope the communication will proceed in this chance of ICCF8.

3) Exotic Nuclei and Neutron Cluster in Solids

About Exotic Nuclei, I have learned reading a book “Nuclear Physics for Graduate Student” (Kodansha Inc., in Japanese edited by Dr. S. Nakamura) suggested by Mr. N. Yabuuchi of High Scientific Research Laboratory. In these ten years, such exotic nuclei with extraordinarily many neutrons as ^{10}He, ^{11}Li, ^{32}Na had been discovered by scattering experiments in nuclear physics.

In the TNCF mode, we have treated neutrons in the ‘single particle model’ neglecting interaction of neutrons although showing possible accumulation of neutrons in the surface layer where they are reflected. In the situation when there is local coherence of neutrons and their density is very high, we should take interaction of neutrons into our consideration. Polyneutron used by J.C. Fisher to explain NT data obtained by Miley et al. should be just the neutron drop, a cluster of neutrons and protons with large excess of the former, we suggested its existence in a region where is local coherence of neutrons.

4) Our following paper submitted to Fusion　Technol. last autumn is decided to be published in its Vol. 36, No.3:

H. Kozima, K. Arai, M. Fujii, H. Kudoh. K. Yoshimoto and K. Kaki, “Nuclear Reactions in Surface Layers of Deuterium-Loaded Solids” Fusion Technol. 36, 337 (1999).

5) About the experimental data of L.C. Case

As was reported in the previous News (No.1, (1)), R. Murray wrote a positive comment about the work by L.C. Case. However, in the recent letter appeared in Vortex he changed his evaluation and said the data could be explained by contamination of helium on the surface of electrodes.

The experimental data of L.C. Case was published in the Proceedings of ICCF7 and I had written it as noticeable one. However, the explanation in the paper appeared in the Proceedings was not clear enough to analyze the data by the TNCF model and left as it was. In my opinion, helium-4 could not be generated by d-d fusion reaction in cold fusion condition and I would like to support Murray in this case.